A new research study has shown definite links between common contraceptive medications and mental health conditions such as Depression.
The Pill = Depression. True?
From a global perspective, Depression is the leading cause of ill health and disability. More than 264 million people are affected, and at least 25% of all women and 15% of all men experience Depression that requires treatment at some point during their life.
The possibility that contraceptive pills might negatively affect mental health and even lead to Depression has long been discussed. Although many women choose to stop using contraceptive pills because of the influence on their mood, until now, the picture emerging from research has not been straightforward.
A study conducted by Uppsala University is one of the largest and widest-ranging to date, following more than a quarter of a million women from UK Biobank from birth to menopause.
The researchers collected data about women’s use of contraceptive pills, the time at which they were first diagnosed with Depression, and when they first experienced symptoms of Depression without receiving a diagnosis.
The method of contraception studied was combined contraceptive pills containing progestogen, a compound resembling the hormone progesterone, and estrogen. Progestogen prevents ovulation and thickens the cervical mucus to prevent sperms from entering the uterus, while estrogen thins the uterine lining to hinder the implantation of a fertilized egg.
According to Therese Johansson of the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology at Uppsala University – one of the researchers leading the study.
“Although contraception has many advantages for women, both medical practitioners and patients should be informed about the side-effects identified in this and previous research,”
Higher risks of Depression
According to the study, women who began to use contraceptive pills as teenagers had a 130% higher incidence of symptoms of Depression, while the corresponding increase among adult users was 92%.
Johanson explains,
“The powerful influence of contraceptive pills on teenagers can be ascribed to the hormonal changes caused by puberty. As women in that age group have already experienced substantial hormonal changes, they can be more receptive not only to hormonal changes but also to other life experiences,”
The researchers also saw that the increased incidence of Depression declined when the women continued to use contraceptive pills after the first two years. However, teenage users of contraceptive pills still had an increased incidence of Depression even after stopping using the pill, which was not observed in adult users of contraceptive pills.
Johansson continued,
“It is important to emphasize that most women tolerate external hormones well without experiencing negative effects on their mood, so combined contraceptive pills are an excellent option for many women. Contraceptive pills enable women to avoid unplanned pregnancies, and they can also prevent illnesses that affect women, including ovarian cancer and uterine cancer. However, certain women may have an increased risk of depression after starting to use contraceptive pills.”
The need to increase awareness
The findings of the study point to a need for healthcare professionals to be more aware of possible links between different systems in the body, such as Depression and the use of contraceptive pills. The researchers conclude that it is essential for care providers to inform women considering contraceptive pills of the potential risk of Depression as a side-effect of the medicine.
Summing up the research findings, Johansson said,
“Since we only investigated combined contraceptive pills in this study, we cannot draw conclusions about other contraceptive options, such as mini pills, contraceptive patches, hormonal spirals, vaginal rings or contraceptive rods. In a future study, we plan to examine different formulations and methods of administration. Our ambition in comparing different contraceptive methods is to give women even more information to help them take well-informed decisions about their contraceptive options.”
In Summary
It is interesting to see that what has often been thought to be the case has been borne out through scientific research. The work done by the study should be used when practitioners prescribe contraceptive medications, particularly when considering whether the patient is either susceptible to Depression or has suffered from the condition in the past.
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